RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND PASSIVE VOICE

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Definition : Relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that its relative clause modifies.

There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that

Relative Clause = Relative Pronoun +/- Subject + Verb
Complex Sentence = Independent Clause + Relative Clause

·         Formula        :

1.      Who : Has a function as a “subject” that is used to describe Noun - people, and has the meaning of  ‘is’. Who referred to as the subject pronoun ( such as the use of : I, he, she , etc )

*S + who + verb/to be

Example : - The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend

2.      Whom : Has a function as an “object” that is used to describe noun - person, and has the meaning of ‘is’. Whom is referred to as an object pronoun (such as the use of : me, his, her, etc)

*S + whom + Adv

Example : The woman whom you kissed last night is my sister.

3.      Which : Has a function as “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – noun or animal and has the meaning of ‘is’.

* S + which + verb/to be

Example : The filing cabinet, which we purchase last week, is very well built.

4.      Whose : Has a function as “kepemilikan”, which is used to describe a noun – person. Whose is used to indicate possession , Whose also have the same meaning like the use of my, our, their, etc.

* S + Whose + O

Example : I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

5.      That : Has a function as a “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – person, noun, and animal. Has the meaning of ‘is’.

Example :  The car that I bought 3 years ago has been stolen by my own brother.

PASSIVE VOICE

Definition :  Passive Voice (Sentences Passive) is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of the action denoted by the verb.

Rumus Umum : TO BE + V3

1.        Simple Present Tense

Formula :

Active: S + do/does + not + V1

Passive :           S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active :             he doesn't write the book

I don't wash the car

Passive :           The book isn't written by her

The car isn't washed by me

2.        Simple Past Tense

Formula :

Active :             S + did + not + V1

Passive  :          S + to be (was, were) + not + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active :             She didn't write a letter

Passive:            A letter wasn't written by her

3.        Present Perfect Tense

Formula :

Active :             S + have/has + not + V3 + O

Passive :           S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active :             She hasn't written the book

I haven't written the book

Passive  :          The book hasn't been written by me

The book hasn't been written by her

4.        Past Perfect Tense

Formula :

Active :             S + had + not + V3 + O

Passive:            S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active  : She hadn't washed the car

Passive: The car hadn't been washed by her

5.        Present Progressive

Formula :

Active  :            S + to be (is,am,are) + V-ing

Passive :           S + to be + being + V3

Example :

Active  :            Yono is helping Yani.

Passive :           Yani is being helped by Yono.

6.        Past Progressive

Formula :

Active  : S + to be (was,were)+ V-ing

Passive : S + to be + NOT + being + V3

Example :

Active  : Bomar was helping Bio.

Passive : Bio was being helped by Bomar.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Definition : Relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that its relative clause modifies.

There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that

Relative Clause = Relative Pronoun +/- Subject + Verb
Complex Sentence = Independent Clause + Relative Clause

·         Formula        :

1.      Who : Has a function as a “subject” that is used to describe Noun - people, and has the meaning of  ‘is’. Who referred to as the subject pronoun ( such as the use of : I, he, she , etc )

*S + who + verb/to be

Example : - The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend

2.      Whom : Has a function as an “object” that is used to describe noun - person, and has the meaning of ‘is’. Whom is referred to as an object pronoun (such as the use of : me, his, her, etc)

*S + whom + Adv

Example : The woman whom you kissed last night is my sister.

3.      Which : Has a function as “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – noun or animal and has the meaning of ‘is’.

* S + which + verb/to be

Example : The filing cabinet, which we purchase last week, is very well built.

4.      Whose : Has a function as “kepemilikan”, which is used to describe a noun – person. Whose is used to indicate possession , Whose also have the same meaning like the use of my, our, their, etc.

* S + Whose + O

Example : I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

5.      That : Has a function as a “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – person, noun, and animal. Has the meaning of ‘is’.

Example :  The car that I bought 3 years ago has been stolen by my own brother.

PASSIVE VOICE

Definition :  Passive Voice (Sentences Passive) is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of the action denoted by the verb.

Rumus Umum : TO BE + V3

1.        Simple Present Tense

Formula :

Active: S + do/does + not + V1

Passive :           S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active :             he doesn't write the book

I don't wash the car

Passive :           The book isn't written by her

The car isn't washed by me

2.        Simple Past Tense

Formula :

Active :             S + did + not + V1

Passive  :          S + to be (was, were) + not + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active :             She didn't write a letter

Passive:            A letter wasn't written by her

3.        Present Perfect Tense

Formula :

Active :             S + have/has + not + V3 + O

Passive :           S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active :             She hasn't written the book

I haven't written the book

Passive  :          The book hasn't been written by me

The book hasn't been written by her

4.        Past Perfect Tense

Formula :

Active :             S + had + not + V3 + O

Passive:            S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O

Example :

Active  : She hadn't washed the car

Passive: The car hadn't been washed by her

5.        Present Progressive

Formula :

Active  :            S + to be (is,am,are) + V-ing

Passive :           S + to be + being + V3

Example :

Active  :            Yono is helping Yani.

Passive :           Yani is being helped by Yono.

6.        Past Progressive

Formula :

Active  : S + to be (was,were)+ V-ing

Passive : S + to be + NOT + being + V3

Example :

Active  : Bomar was helping Bio.

Passive : Bio was being helped by Bomar.

Sumber :   
http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2013/01/pengertian-contoh-relative-pronoun.html

http://alwaysfriend.wordpress.com/rumus-passive-voice/